diff --git a/.gitattributes b/.gitattributes
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..dfdb8b7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.gitattributes
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+*.sh text eol=lf
diff --git a/API.md b/API.md
index 2ecf13d..f338a48 100644
--- a/API.md
+++ b/API.md
@@ -387,12 +387,12 @@ NapCat Chinese Desktop Runtime 使用 KT `NapCatQQ` fork 源码构建出的 `Nap
 
 API 仓库不提交 `NapCat.Shell.zip`；生产镜像必须从 staged context 构建，且 `fork-artifact.json` 必须包含完整 marker metadata：upstream release tag/commit、fork commit、base image digest、Jenkins URL 和 artifact hashes。NapCat base image 在 release evidence 中必须 pin 到 digest。API Jenkins 只做显式参数推广，不负责自动合并上游、自动构建运行时镜像或在 override 为空时隐式改写 NapCat env。
 
-```powershell
-node scripts/napcat-desktop-cn-stage-build.mjs `
-  --napcat-root D:\MyFiles\KT\GitHub\NapCatQQ `
-  --upstream-release-tag v4.8.0 `
-  --upstream-release-commit 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 `
-  --napcat-base-image-digest mlikiowa/napcat-docker@sha256:0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 `
+```bash
+node scripts/napcat-desktop-cn-stage-build.mjs \
+  --napcat-root /home/yemu2/KT/GitHub/NapCatQQ \
+  --upstream-release-tag v4.8.0 \
+  --upstream-release-commit 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 \
+  --napcat-base-image-digest mlikiowa/napcat-docker@sha256:0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 \
   --jenkins-build-url https://jenkins.kwitsukasa.top/job/KT-NapCatQQ-Runtime-Release/1/
 ```
 
@@ -404,7 +404,7 @@ Gateway 只改写 NapCat HTML/JS/CSS 中需要浏览器直连的绝对根路径
 
 必需环境变量：`NAPCAT_WEBUI_GATEWAY_INTERNAL_BASE_URL`、`NAPCAT_WEBUI_GATEWAY_PUBLIC_BASE_URL`、`NAPCAT_WEBUI_GATEWAY_INTERNAL_SECRET`、`NAPCAT_WEBUI_GATEWAY_REDIS_HOST`、`NAPCAT_WEBUI_GATEWAY_REDIS_PORT`、`NAPCAT_WEBUI_GATEWAY_SESSION_TTL_MS`、`NAPCAT_WEBUI_GATEWAY_TICKET_TTL_MS`、`NAPCAT_WEBUI_GATEWAY_UPSTREAM_TIMEOUT_MS`。生产 `NAPCAT_WEBUI_GATEWAY_INTERNAL_SECRET` 只来自 Jenkins 私有 `.env.production` 生成的 `kt-template-online-api-env` Secret，不写入 Git 或 manifest 字面量。
 
-部署验收使用：`pnpm exec jest --runTestsByPath test/modules/qqbot/napcat-webui-gateway/gateway-deployment.spec.ts --runInBand`、`pnpm run typecheck`、`pnpm run build`、`Test-Path .\dist\apps\napcat-webui-gateway\main.js`、`git diff --check`。安全验收要求浏览器永远不接收 WebUI token、Credential、上游 URL/端口、Docker 拓扑、Redis 地址或内部 secret。
+部署验收使用：`pnpm exec jest --runTestsByPath test/modules/qqbot/napcat-webui-gateway/gateway-deployment.spec.ts --runInBand`、`pnpm run typecheck`、`pnpm run build`、`test -f dist/apps/napcat-webui-gateway/main.js`、`git diff --check`。安全验收要求浏览器永远不接收 WebUI token、Credential、上游 URL/端口、Docker 拓扑、Redis 地址或内部 secret。
 
 `napcat_login_event` 实体和表仅作为历史 schema 兼容保留；watchdog 不再写入 quick/password 恢复事件，也不再依赖该表判断是否恢复登录。
 
@@ -630,9 +630,9 @@ pnpm test
 
 BangDream 图片 smoke：
 
-```powershell
-.\scripts\bangdream-render-smoke.ps1 -OperationKey bangdream.song.search -Text "夏祭り" -OutFile ".kt-workspace/bangdream-smoke/song.jpg"
-.\scripts\bangdream-render-smoke.ps1 -OperationKey bangdream.event.stage -Text "310" -OutFile ".kt-workspace/bangdream-smoke/stage.jpg" -ExpectedImageCount 5
+```bash
+bash scripts/bangdream-render-smoke.sh --operation-key bangdream.song.search --text "夏祭り" --out-file ".kt-workspace/bangdream-smoke/song.jpg"
+bash scripts/bangdream-render-smoke.sh --operation-key bangdream.event.stage --text "310" --out-file ".kt-workspace/bangdream-smoke/stage.jpg" --expected-image-count 5
 ```
 
 Jenkins/K8s 发布后还需要观察 rollout、新 Pod 日志，并跑真实运行态 smoke；推送成功不等于发布完成。
diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index 26ee182..21038e3 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -83,16 +83,16 @@ NapCat Runtime/Protocol Profile 已完成本地 API/Admin 实施，线上发布
 
 运行时发布时，API 仓库不提交 `NapCat.Shell.zip`；生产镜像必须从 staged context 构建，`fork-artifact.json` 必须带完整 marker metadata，包括 upstream release tag/commit、fork commit、base image digest、Jenkins URL 和 artifact hashes。release evidence 里的 NapCat base image 必须用 digest pin。API Jenkins 只消费人工确认后的运行时推广参数，不自动合并上游、不自动构建隐藏镜像，也不在 override 为空时覆盖 K8s manifest 中的默认 env。
 
-```powershell
-node scripts/napcat-desktop-cn-stage-build.mjs `
-  --napcat-root D:\MyFiles\KT\GitHub\NapCatQQ `
-  --upstream-release-tag v4.8.0 `
-  --upstream-release-commit 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 `
-  --napcat-base-image-digest mlikiowa/napcat-docker@sha256:0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 `
+```bash
+node scripts/napcat-desktop-cn-stage-build.mjs \
+  --napcat-root /home/yemu2/KT/GitHub/NapCatQQ \
+  --upstream-release-tag v4.8.0 \
+  --upstream-release-commit 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 \
+  --napcat-base-image-digest mlikiowa/napcat-docker@sha256:0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 \
   --jenkins-build-url https://jenkins.kwitsukasa.top/job/KT-NapCatQQ-Runtime-Release/1/
 ```
 
-NapCat WebUI Gateway 是独立运行的 NestJS 入口，生产镜像使用 `dockerfile.gateway` 打包 `dist/apps/napcat-webui-gateway/main.js` 并监听 `48086`。API 通过内部地址 `NAPCAT_WEBUI_GATEWAY_INTERNAL_BASE_URL=http://kt-napcat-webui-gateway:48086` 创建/续期/撤销 WebUI 会话，Admin 浏览器只访问公开前缀 `NAPCAT_WEBUI_GATEWAY_PUBLIC_BASE_URL=/napcat-webui`。Gateway 运行时需要 `NAPCAT_WEBUI_GATEWAY_INTERNAL_SECRET`、`NAPCAT_WEBUI_GATEWAY_REDIS_HOST`、`NAPCAT_WEBUI_GATEWAY_REDIS_PORT`、`NAPCAT_WEBUI_GATEWAY_SESSION_TTL_MS`、`NAPCAT_WEBUI_GATEWAY_TICKET_TTL_MS`、`NAPCAT_WEBUI_GATEWAY_UPSTREAM_TIMEOUT_MS`；生产 secret 由 Jenkins 从私有 `.env.production` 重建到 `kt-template-online-api-env`，不得写入 Git。验收命令：`pnpm exec jest --runTestsByPath test/modules/qqbot/napcat-webui-gateway/gateway-deployment.spec.ts --runInBand`、`pnpm run typecheck`、`pnpm run build`、`Test-Path .\dist\apps\napcat-webui-gateway\main.js`、`git diff --check`。安全边界：浏览器不得收到 WebUI token、Credential、上游 URL/端口、Docker 拓扑、Redis 地址或内部 secret。
+NapCat WebUI Gateway 是独立运行的 NestJS 入口，生产镜像使用 `dockerfile.gateway` 打包 `dist/apps/napcat-webui-gateway/main.js` 并监听 `48086`。API 通过内部地址 `NAPCAT_WEBUI_GATEWAY_INTERNAL_BASE_URL=http://kt-napcat-webui-gateway:48086` 创建/续期/撤销 WebUI 会话，Admin 浏览器只访问公开前缀 `NAPCAT_WEBUI_GATEWAY_PUBLIC_BASE_URL=/napcat-webui`。Gateway 运行时需要 `NAPCAT_WEBUI_GATEWAY_INTERNAL_SECRET`、`NAPCAT_WEBUI_GATEWAY_REDIS_HOST`、`NAPCAT_WEBUI_GATEWAY_REDIS_PORT`、`NAPCAT_WEBUI_GATEWAY_SESSION_TTL_MS`、`NAPCAT_WEBUI_GATEWAY_TICKET_TTL_MS`、`NAPCAT_WEBUI_GATEWAY_UPSTREAM_TIMEOUT_MS`；生产 secret 由 Jenkins 从私有 `.env.production` 重建到 `kt-template-online-api-env`，不得写入 Git。验收命令：`pnpm exec jest --runTestsByPath test/modules/qqbot/napcat-webui-gateway/gateway-deployment.spec.ts --runInBand`、`pnpm run typecheck`、`pnpm run build`、`test -f dist/apps/napcat-webui-gateway/main.js`、`git diff --check`。安全边界：浏览器不得收到 WebUI token、Credential、上游 URL/端口、Docker 拓扑、Redis 地址或内部 secret。
 
 ## 启动
 
@@ -208,9 +208,9 @@ pnpm test
 
 BangDream 图片能力改动：
 
-```powershell
-.\scripts\bangdream-render-smoke.ps1 -OperationKey bangdream.song.search -Text "夏祭り" -OutFile ".kt-workspace/bangdream-smoke/song.jpg"
-.\scripts\bangdream-render-smoke.ps1 -OperationKey bangdream.event.stage -Text "310" -OutFile ".kt-workspace/bangdream-smoke/stage.jpg" -ExpectedImageCount 5
+```bash
+bash scripts/bangdream-render-smoke.sh --operation-key bangdream.song.search --text "夏祭り" --out-file ".kt-workspace/bangdream-smoke/song.jpg"
+bash scripts/bangdream-render-smoke.sh --operation-key bangdream.event.stage --text "310" --out-file ".kt-workspace/bangdream-smoke/stage.jpg" --expected-image-count 5
 ```
 
 接口改动必须启动或复用本地服务，并真实调用一次对应接口。
diff --git a/docs/refactor-v3/rebuild-runbook.md b/docs/refactor-v3/rebuild-runbook.md
index 600347d..e59ab0f 100644
--- a/docs/refactor-v3/rebuild-runbook.md
+++ b/docs/refactor-v3/rebuild-runbook.md
@@ -7,12 +7,12 @@
 3. Apply `sql/refactor-v3/01-seed-core.sql`.
 4. Run `sql/refactor-v3/99-verify.sql`.
 5. Start API against the dry-run database.
-6. Run `scripts/refactor-v3/local-smoke.ps1`.
+6. Run `bash scripts/refactor-v3/local-smoke.sh`.
 
 ## Online Backup
 
 1. Confirm the exact API image tag and current database name.
-2. Run `scripts/refactor-v3/db-backup-online.ps1`.
+2. Run `bash scripts/refactor-v3/db-backup-online.sh --database <name> --output-directory <path>`.
 3. Record backup path, timestamp, source database, and restore command.
 
 ## Online Rebuild
diff --git a/scripts/bangdream-render-smoke-matrix.cjs b/scripts/bangdream-render-smoke-matrix.cjs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3625cc0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/scripts/bangdream-render-smoke-matrix.cjs
@@ -0,0 +1,341 @@
+const fs = require('fs');
+const path = require('path');
+const { setTimeout: delay } = require('timers/promises');
+const XLSX = require('xlsx');
+const { loadImage } = require('skia-canvas');
+const { createPlugin } = require('../src/modules/qqbot/plugins/bangdream/src');
+
+const cases = [
+  { name: 'song-search-detail', operationKey: 'bangdream.song.search', text: '136', expectedImageCount: 1 },
+  { name: 'song-search-list', operationKey: 'bangdream.song.search', text: 'FIRE BIRD', expectedImageCount: 1 },
+  { name: 'song-chart', operationKey: 'bangdream.song.chart', text: '136 expert', expectedImageCount: 1 },
+  { name: 'song-random', operationKey: 'bangdream.song.random', text: 'FIRE BIRD', expectedImageCount: 1 },
+  { name: 'song-meta', operationKey: 'bangdream.song.meta', text: 'cn', expectedImageCount: 1 },
+  { name: 'card-search-detail', operationKey: 'bangdream.card.search', text: '472', expectedImageCount: 1 },
+  { name: 'card-search-list', operationKey: 'bangdream.card.search', text: '香澄', expectedImageCount: 1 },
+  { name: 'card-illustration', operationKey: 'bangdream.card.illustration', text: '472', expectedImageCountMin: 1 },
+  { name: 'character-search-detail', operationKey: 'bangdream.character.search', text: '1', expectedImageCount: 1 },
+  { name: 'character-search-list', operationKey: 'bangdream.character.search', text: '香澄', expectedImageCount: 1 },
+  { name: 'event-search-detail', operationKey: 'bangdream.event.search', text: '50', expectedImageCount: 1 },
+  { name: 'event-search-list', operationKey: 'bangdream.event.search', text: 'summer', expectedImageCount: 1 },
+  { name: 'event-stage', operationKey: 'bangdream.event.stage', text: '310 cn -m', expectedImageCount: 5 },
+  { name: 'player-search', operationKey: 'bangdream.player.search', text: '26591455 jp', expectedImageCount: 1, external: true },
+  { name: 'gacha-search', operationKey: 'bangdream.gacha.search', text: '259', expectedImageCount: 1 },
+  { name: 'gacha-simulate', operationKey: 'bangdream.gacha.simulate', text: '10 259', expectedImageCount: 1 },
+  { name: 'cutoff-detail', operationKey: 'bangdream.cutoff.detail', text: 'ycx 1000 50 cn', expectedImageCount: 1 },
+  { name: 'cutoff-detail-top10', operationKey: 'bangdream.cutoff.detail', text: 'ycx 10 100 cn', expectedImageCount: 1 },
+  { name: 'cutoff-all', operationKey: 'bangdream.cutoff.all', text: '50 cn', expectedImageCount: 1 },
+  { name: 'cutoff-recent', operationKey: 'bangdream.cutoff.recent', text: '1000 50 cn', expectedImageCount: 1 },
+];
+
+/**
+ * Reads the Bash-validated matrix payload from environment variables.
+ * @returns {{outDir: string, skipExternalPlayer: boolean}} Matrix payload.
+ */
+function readPayload() {
+  const outDir = process.env.BANGDREAM_MATRIX_OUT_DIR || '';
+  if (!outDir) {
+    throw new Error('BANGDREAM_MATRIX_OUT_DIR is required');
+  }
+  return {
+    outDir,
+    skipExternalPlayer:
+      process.env.BANGDREAM_MATRIX_SKIP_EXTERNAL_PLAYER === 'true',
+  };
+}
+
+/**
+ * Creates an HTTP-shaped error compatible with the BangDream adapters.
+ * @param {string} message Error message.
+ * @param {number} statusCode HTTP response status.
+ * @returns {Error & {response: {status: number}, statusCode: number}} Compatible error.
+ */
+function createHttpError(message, statusCode) {
+  const error = new Error(message);
+  error.statusCode = statusCode;
+  error.response = { status: statusCode };
+  return error;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Fetches one resource with an adapter-level timeout.
+ * @param {string | URL} url Resource URL.
+ * @param {{headers?: object, timeoutMs?: number}} [options] Request options.
+ * @returns {Promise<Response>} Fetch response.
+ */
+async function fetchWithTimeout(url, options = {}) {
+  const controller = new AbortController();
+  const timeoutMs = options.timeoutMs || 30000;
+  const timer = setTimeout(() => controller.abort(), timeoutMs);
+  try {
+    return await fetch(url, {
+      headers: options.headers,
+      signal: controller.signal,
+    });
+  } finally {
+    clearTimeout(timer);
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Reads and parses a JSON file synchronously.
+ * @param {string} filePath JSON file path.
+ * @returns {unknown} Parsed JSON value.
+ */
+function readJsonFile(filePath) {
+  return JSON.parse(fs.readFileSync(filePath, 'utf8'));
+}
+
+/**
+ * Reads the first worksheet from an Excel file as row objects.
+ * @param {string} filePath Excel file path.
+ * @returns {object[]} Worksheet rows.
+ */
+function readExcelRows(filePath) {
+  const workbook = XLSX.readFile(filePath);
+  const sheetName = workbook.SheetNames[0];
+  return XLSX.utils.sheet_to_json(workbook.Sheets[sheetName]);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Requests a binary resource for the BangDream plugin.
+ * @param {string | URL} url Resource URL.
+ * @param {{headers?: object, timeoutMs?: number}} [options] Request options.
+ * @returns {Promise<{body: Buffer, statusCode: number}>} Binary response body and status.
+ */
+async function requestBuffer(url, options) {
+  const response = await fetchWithTimeout(url, options);
+  const body = Buffer.from(await response.arrayBuffer());
+  if (!response.ok) {
+    throw createHttpError(
+      `BangDream resource request failed: ${response.status}`,
+      response.status,
+    );
+  }
+  return { body, statusCode: response.status };
+}
+
+/**
+ * Requests and parses a JSON resource for the BangDream plugin.
+ * @param {string | URL} url Resource URL.
+ * @param {{headers?: object, timeoutMs?: number}} [options] Request options.
+ * @returns {Promise<{body: unknown, statusCode: number}>} Parsed response body and status.
+ */
+async function requestJson(url, options) {
+  const response = await fetchWithTimeout(url, options);
+  const responseText = await response.text();
+  if (!response.ok) {
+    throw createHttpError(
+      `BangDream JSON request failed: ${response.status}`,
+      response.status,
+    );
+  }
+  return { body: JSON.parse(responseText), statusCode: response.status };
+}
+
+/**
+ * Creates the filesystem and network adapter expected by the BangDream plugin.
+ * @returns {object} Plugin IO adapter.
+ */
+function createIoAdapter() {
+  return {
+    /** @param {string} key Environment key. @returns {string | undefined} Config value. */
+    getConfig(key) {
+      return process.env[key];
+    },
+    /** @param {string} filePath Asset path. @returns {Promise<Buffer>} Asset bytes. */
+    async readAssetFile(filePath) {
+      return fs.promises.readFile(filePath);
+    },
+    /** @param {string} filePath Excel path. @returns {Promise<object[]>} Worksheet rows. */
+    async readExcelRows(filePath) {
+      return readExcelRows(filePath);
+    },
+    /** @param {string} filePath JSON path. @returns {Promise<unknown>} Parsed value. */
+    async readJsonFile(filePath) {
+      return readJsonFile(filePath);
+    },
+    /** @param {string} filePath JSON path. @returns {unknown} Parsed value. */
+    readJsonFileSync(filePath) {
+      return readJsonFile(filePath);
+    },
+    requestArrayBuffer: requestBuffer,
+    requestJson,
+    /** @param {number} milliseconds Delay length. @returns {Promise<void>} Delay completion. */
+    async sleep(milliseconds) {
+      await delay(milliseconds);
+    },
+    /** @param {string} filePath Output path. @param {unknown} data JSON value. @returns {Promise<void>} Write completion. */
+    async writeJsonFile(filePath, data) {
+      fs.mkdirSync(path.dirname(filePath), { recursive: true });
+      fs.writeFileSync(filePath, JSON.stringify(data));
+    },
+  };
+}
+
+/**
+ * Converts plugin errors to their stable human-readable representation.
+ * @param {unknown} error Error-like value.
+ * @returns {string} Normalized message.
+ */
+function normalizeError(error) {
+  return String(error?.message || error || 'BangDream command failed');
+}
+
+/**
+ * Converts a case name into a safe output filename component.
+ * @param {string} name Matrix case name.
+ * @returns {string} Filesystem-safe name.
+ */
+function safeName(name) {
+  return name.replace(/[^a-zA-Z0-9._-]+/g, '-');
+}
+
+/**
+ * Writes and decodes all images returned by one matrix case.
+ * @param {object} testCase Matrix case contract.
+ * @param {object} result Plugin operation result.
+ * @param {string} outDir Matrix output directory.
+ * @returns {Promise<object[]>} Image file metadata.
+ */
+async function writeCaseImages(testCase, result, outDir) {
+  const matches = [...result.replyText.matchAll(/base64:\/\/([A-Za-z0-9+/=]+)/g)];
+  if (matches.length === 0) {
+    throw new Error(`${testCase.name}: no CQ image payload`);
+  }
+  if (
+    testCase.expectedImageCount &&
+    matches.length !== testCase.expectedImageCount
+  ) {
+    throw new Error(
+      `${testCase.name}: expected imageCount=${testCase.expectedImageCount}, got ${matches.length}`,
+    );
+  }
+  if (
+    testCase.expectedImageCountMin &&
+    matches.length < testCase.expectedImageCountMin
+  ) {
+    throw new Error(
+      `${testCase.name}: expected imageCount>=${testCase.expectedImageCountMin}, got ${matches.length}`,
+    );
+  }
+
+  const files = [];
+  for (let index = 0; index < matches.length; index += 1) {
+    const output = path.join(
+      outDir,
+      `${safeName(testCase.name)}${index === 0 ? '' : `-${index + 1}`}.jpg`,
+    );
+    const buffer = Buffer.from(matches[index][1], 'base64');
+    fs.writeFileSync(output, buffer);
+    const image = await loadImage(output);
+    files.push({
+      bytes: buffer.length,
+      height: image.height,
+      out: output,
+      width: image.width,
+    });
+  }
+  return files;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Executes the full render matrix and writes its machine-readable summary.
+ * @returns {Promise<void>} Resolves after the summary has been written.
+ */
+async function main() {
+  const payload = readPayload();
+  fs.mkdirSync(payload.outDir, { recursive: true });
+  const manifest = readJsonFile(
+    path.join(process.cwd(), 'src/modules/qqbot/plugins/bangdream/plugin.json'),
+  );
+  const operations = manifest.operations.map((operation) => ({
+    handlerName: operation.handlerName,
+    key: operation.key,
+  }));
+  const plugin = createPlugin({
+    io: createIoAdapter(),
+    normalizeError,
+    operations,
+  });
+  await plugin.activate();
+
+  const summaries = [];
+  const executedKeys = new Set();
+  for (const testCase of cases) {
+    if (testCase.external && payload.skipExternalPlayer) {
+      summaries.push({
+        name: testCase.name,
+        operationKey: testCase.operationKey,
+        reason: 'external-player',
+        skipped: true,
+      });
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    const startedAt = Date.now();
+    const result = await plugin.executeOperation(testCase.operationKey, {
+      compress: true,
+      displayedServerList: '',
+      text: testCase.text,
+    });
+    const files = await writeCaseImages(testCase, result, payload.outDir);
+    executedKeys.add(testCase.operationKey);
+    summaries.push({
+      durationMs: Date.now() - startedAt,
+      files,
+      imageCount: result.imageCount,
+      name: testCase.name,
+      operationKey: testCase.operationKey,
+      query: result.query,
+    });
+    process.stdout.write(
+      `[matrix] ${testCase.name} imageCount=${result.imageCount} first=${files[0].width}x${files[0].height}\n`,
+    );
+  }
+
+  const manifestKeys = manifest.operations
+    .map((operation) => operation.key)
+    .sort();
+  const missingKeys = manifestKeys.filter(
+    (key) => !cases.some((item) => item.operationKey === key),
+  );
+  if (missingKeys.length > 0) {
+    throw new Error(`Smoke matrix missing operation keys: ${missingKeys.join(', ')}`);
+  }
+
+  const summary = {
+    caseCount: cases.length,
+    executedOperationKeys: [...executedKeys].sort(),
+    manifestOperationKeys: manifestKeys,
+    outDir: payload.outDir,
+    skipped: summaries.filter((item) => item.skipped),
+    summaries,
+  };
+  const summaryFile = path.join(payload.outDir, 'matrix-summary.json');
+  fs.writeFileSync(summaryFile, JSON.stringify(summary, null, 2));
+  process.stdout.write(
+    `${JSON.stringify(
+      {
+        caseCount: summary.caseCount,
+        executedOperationKeyCount: summary.executedOperationKeys.length,
+        skippedCount: summary.skipped.length,
+        summaryFile,
+      },
+      null,
+      2,
+    )}\n`,
+  );
+}
+
+/**
+ * Writes an uncaught matrix error to stderr and fails the process.
+ * @param {unknown} error Error-like value.
+ * @returns {void}
+ */
+function handleFatalError(error) {
+  process.stderr.write(`${String(error?.stack || error)}\n`);
+  process.exit(1);
+}
+
+main().catch(handleFatalError);
diff --git a/scripts/bangdream-render-smoke-matrix.ps1 b/scripts/bangdream-render-smoke-matrix.ps1
deleted file mode 100644
index 05e3257..0000000
--- a/scripts/bangdream-render-smoke-matrix.ps1
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,257 +0,0 @@
-param(
-  [string]$OutDir = ".kt-workspace/bangdream-smoke/matrix",
-  [int]$TimeoutSeconds = 240,
-  [switch]$SkipExternalPlayer
-)
-
-$ErrorActionPreference = "Stop"
-
-$ProjectRoot = Split-Path -Parent $PSScriptRoot
-$ResolvedOutDir = if ([System.IO.Path]::IsPathRooted($OutDir)) {
-  $OutDir
-} else {
-  Join-Path $ProjectRoot $OutDir
-}
-New-Item -ItemType Directory -Force -Path $ResolvedOutDir | Out-Null
-
-$StdoutLog = Join-Path $ResolvedOutDir "matrix.out.log"
-$StderrLog = Join-Path $ResolvedOutDir "matrix.err.log"
-$SummaryFile = Join-Path $ResolvedOutDir "matrix-summary.json"
-Remove-Item -LiteralPath $StdoutLog,$StderrLog,$SummaryFile -Force -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
-
-$Payload = @{
-  outDir = $ResolvedOutDir
-  skipExternalPlayer = [bool]$SkipExternalPlayer
-}
-$PayloadJson = $Payload | ConvertTo-Json -Compress -Depth 5
-$PayloadBase64 = [Convert]::ToBase64String([Text.Encoding]::UTF8.GetBytes($PayloadJson))
-
-$NodeCode = @"
-const fs = require("fs");
-const path = require("path");
-const XLSX = require("xlsx");
-const { loadImage } = require("skia-canvas");
-const payload = JSON.parse(Buffer.from("$PayloadBase64", "base64").toString("utf8"));
-const { createPlugin } = require("./src/modules/qqbot/plugins/bangdream/src");
-
-const cases = [
-  { name: "song-search-detail", operationKey: "bangdream.song.search", text: "136", expectedImageCount: 1 },
-  { name: "song-search-list", operationKey: "bangdream.song.search", text: "FIRE BIRD", expectedImageCount: 1 },
-  { name: "song-chart", operationKey: "bangdream.song.chart", text: "136 expert", expectedImageCount: 1 },
-  { name: "song-random", operationKey: "bangdream.song.random", text: "FIRE BIRD", expectedImageCount: 1 },
-  { name: "song-meta", operationKey: "bangdream.song.meta", text: "cn", expectedImageCount: 1 },
-  { name: "card-search-detail", operationKey: "bangdream.card.search", text: "472", expectedImageCount: 1 },
-  { name: "card-search-list", operationKey: "bangdream.card.search", text: "香澄", expectedImageCount: 1 },
-  { name: "card-illustration", operationKey: "bangdream.card.illustration", text: "472", expectedImageCountMin: 1 },
-  { name: "character-search-detail", operationKey: "bangdream.character.search", text: "1", expectedImageCount: 1 },
-  { name: "character-search-list", operationKey: "bangdream.character.search", text: "香澄", expectedImageCount: 1 },
-  { name: "event-search-detail", operationKey: "bangdream.event.search", text: "50", expectedImageCount: 1 },
-  { name: "event-search-list", operationKey: "bangdream.event.search", text: "summer", expectedImageCount: 1 },
-  { name: "event-stage", operationKey: "bangdream.event.stage", text: "310 cn -m", expectedImageCount: 5 },
-  { name: "player-search", operationKey: "bangdream.player.search", text: "26591455 jp", expectedImageCount: 1, external: true },
-  { name: "gacha-search", operationKey: "bangdream.gacha.search", text: "259", expectedImageCount: 1 },
-  { name: "gacha-simulate", operationKey: "bangdream.gacha.simulate", text: "10 259", expectedImageCount: 1 },
-  { name: "cutoff-detail", operationKey: "bangdream.cutoff.detail", text: "ycx 1000 50 cn", expectedImageCount: 1 },
-  { name: "cutoff-detail-top10", operationKey: "bangdream.cutoff.detail", text: "ycx 10 100 cn", expectedImageCount: 1 },
-  { name: "cutoff-all", operationKey: "bangdream.cutoff.all", text: "50 cn", expectedImageCount: 1 },
-  { name: "cutoff-recent", operationKey: "bangdream.cutoff.recent", text: "1000 50 cn", expectedImageCount: 1 },
-];
-
-function createHttpError(message, statusCode) {
-  const error = new Error(message);
-  error.statusCode = statusCode;
-  error.response = { status: statusCode };
-  return error;
-}
-
-async function fetchWithTimeout(url, options = {}) {
-  const controller = new AbortController();
-  const timeoutMs = options.timeoutMs || 30000;
-  const timer = setTimeout(() => controller.abort(), timeoutMs);
-  try {
-    return await fetch(url, {
-      headers: options.headers,
-      signal: controller.signal,
-    });
-  } finally {
-    clearTimeout(timer);
-  }
-}
-
-function readJsonFile(filePath) {
-  return JSON.parse(fs.readFileSync(filePath, "utf8"));
-}
-
-function readExcelRows(filePath) {
-  const workbook = XLSX.readFile(filePath);
-  const sheetName = workbook.SheetNames[0];
-  return XLSX.utils.sheet_to_json(workbook.Sheets[sheetName]);
-}
-
-async function requestBuffer(url, options) {
-  const response = await fetchWithTimeout(url, options);
-  const body = Buffer.from(await response.arrayBuffer());
-  if (!response.ok) {
-    throw createHttpError("BangDream resource request failed: " + response.status, response.status);
-  }
-  return { body, statusCode: response.status };
-}
-
-async function requestJson(url, options) {
-  const response = await fetchWithTimeout(url, options);
-  const text = await response.text();
-  if (!response.ok) {
-    throw createHttpError("BangDream JSON request failed: " + response.status, response.status);
-  }
-  return { body: JSON.parse(text), statusCode: response.status };
-}
-
-function safeName(name) {
-  return name.replace(/[^a-zA-Z0-9._-]+/g, "-");
-}
-
-async function writeCaseImages(testCase, result) {
-  const matches = [...result.replyText.matchAll(/base64:\/\/([A-Za-z0-9+/=]+)/g)];
-  if (matches.length === 0) throw new Error(testCase.name + ": no CQ image payload");
-  if (testCase.expectedImageCount && matches.length !== testCase.expectedImageCount) {
-    throw new Error(testCase.name + ": expected imageCount=" + testCase.expectedImageCount + ", got " + matches.length);
-  }
-  if (testCase.expectedImageCountMin && matches.length < testCase.expectedImageCountMin) {
-    throw new Error(testCase.name + ": expected imageCount>=" + testCase.expectedImageCountMin + ", got " + matches.length);
-  }
-
-  const files = [];
-  for (let index = 0; index < matches.length; index++) {
-    const output = path.join(payload.outDir, safeName(testCase.name) + (index === 0 ? "" : "-" + (index + 1)) + ".jpg");
-    const buffer = Buffer.from(matches[index][1], "base64");
-    fs.writeFileSync(output, buffer);
-    const image = await loadImage(output);
-    files.push({
-      bytes: buffer.length,
-      height: image.height,
-      out: output,
-      width: image.width,
-    });
-  }
-  return files;
-}
-
-(async () => {
-  fs.mkdirSync(payload.outDir, { recursive: true });
-  const manifest = readJsonFile(path.join(process.cwd(), "src/modules/qqbot/plugins/bangdream/plugin.json"));
-  const operations = manifest.operations.map((operation) => ({
-    handlerName: operation.handlerName,
-    key: operation.key,
-  }));
-  const plugin = createPlugin({
-    io: {
-      getConfig: (key) => process.env[key],
-      readAssetFile: async (filePath) => fs.promises.readFile(filePath),
-      readExcelRows: async (filePath) => readExcelRows(filePath),
-      readJsonFile: async (filePath) => readJsonFile(filePath),
-      readJsonFileSync: (filePath) => readJsonFile(filePath),
-      requestArrayBuffer: requestBuffer,
-      requestJson,
-      sleep: async (ms) => new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, ms)),
-      writeJsonFile: async (filePath, data) => {
-        fs.mkdirSync(path.dirname(filePath), { recursive: true });
-        fs.writeFileSync(filePath, JSON.stringify(data));
-      },
-    },
-    normalizeError: (error) => String(error?.message || error || "BangDream command failed"),
-    operations,
-  });
-  await plugin.activate();
-
-  const summaries = [];
-  const executedKeys = new Set();
-  for (const testCase of cases) {
-    if (testCase.external && payload.skipExternalPlayer) {
-      summaries.push({
-        name: testCase.name,
-        operationKey: testCase.operationKey,
-        skipped: true,
-        reason: "external-player",
-      });
-      continue;
-    }
-
-    const startedAt = Date.now();
-    const result = await plugin.executeOperation(testCase.operationKey, {
-      compress: true,
-      displayedServerList: "",
-      text: testCase.text,
-    });
-    const files = await writeCaseImages(testCase, result);
-    executedKeys.add(testCase.operationKey);
-    summaries.push({
-      durationMs: Date.now() - startedAt,
-      files,
-      imageCount: result.imageCount,
-      name: testCase.name,
-      operationKey: testCase.operationKey,
-      query: result.query,
-    });
-    process.stdout.write("[matrix] " + testCase.name + " imageCount=" + result.imageCount + " first=" + files[0].width + "x" + files[0].height + "\n");
-  }
-
-  const manifestKeys = manifest.operations.map((operation) => operation.key).sort();
-  const missingKeys = manifestKeys.filter((key) => !cases.some((item) => item.operationKey === key));
-  if (missingKeys.length > 0) {
-    throw new Error("Smoke matrix missing operation keys: " + missingKeys.join(", "));
-  }
-
-  const summary = {
-    caseCount: cases.length,
-    executedOperationKeys: [...executedKeys].sort(),
-    manifestOperationKeys: manifestKeys,
-    outDir: payload.outDir,
-    skipped: summaries.filter((item) => item.skipped),
-    summaries,
-  };
-  const summaryFile = path.join(payload.outDir, "matrix-summary.json");
-  fs.writeFileSync(summaryFile, JSON.stringify(summary, null, 2));
-  process.stdout.write(JSON.stringify({
-    caseCount: summary.caseCount,
-    executedOperationKeyCount: summary.executedOperationKeys.length,
-    skippedCount: summary.skipped.length,
-    summaryFile,
-  }, null, 2) + "\n");
-})().catch((error) => {
-  process.stderr.write(String(error?.stack || error) + "\n");
-  process.exit(1);
-});
-"@
-$NodeCodeBase64 = [Convert]::ToBase64String([Text.Encoding]::UTF8.GetBytes($NodeCode))
-$EvalCode = "eval(Buffer.from('$NodeCodeBase64','base64').toString('utf8'))"
-
-$env:TS_NODE_TRANSPILE_ONLY = "true"
-$Process = Start-Process `
-  -FilePath "node" `
-  -ArgumentList @("-r", "ts-node/register", "-r", "tsconfig-paths/register", "-e", $EvalCode) `
-  -WorkingDirectory $ProjectRoot `
-  -RedirectStandardOutput $StdoutLog `
-  -RedirectStandardError $StderrLog `
-  -PassThru `
-  -WindowStyle Hidden
-
-$Deadline = (Get-Date).AddSeconds($TimeoutSeconds)
-while (-not $Process.HasExited) {
-  if ((Get-Date) -ge $Deadline) {
-    Stop-Process -Id $Process.Id -Force -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
-    Write-Output "BangDream smoke matrix timed out and process $($Process.Id) was killed."
-    if (Test-Path $StdoutLog) { Get-Content $StdoutLog }
-    if (Test-Path $StderrLog) { Get-Content $StderrLog }
-    exit 124
-  }
-  Start-Sleep -Milliseconds 500
-  $Process.Refresh()
-}
-
-if (Test-Path $StdoutLog) { Get-Content $StdoutLog }
-if (Test-Path $StderrLog) { Get-Content $StderrLog }
-if (-not (Test-Path $SummaryFile)) {
-  Write-Output "BangDream smoke matrix did not produce a summary file."
-  exit 1
-}
-exit $Process.ExitCode
diff --git a/scripts/bangdream-render-smoke-matrix.sh b/scripts/bangdream-render-smoke-matrix.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..4c6c538
--- /dev/null
+++ b/scripts/bangdream-render-smoke-matrix.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,167 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+set -Eeuo pipefail
+
+SCRIPT_DIR=$(cd -- "$(dirname -- "${BASH_SOURCE[0]}")" && pwd -P)
+PROJECT_ROOT=$(cd -- "$SCRIPT_DIR/.." && pwd -P)
+NODE_RUNNER="$SCRIPT_DIR/bangdream-render-smoke-matrix.cjs"
+
+out_dir=".kt-workspace/bangdream-smoke/matrix"
+timeout_seconds=240
+skip_external_player=false
+child_pid=""
+
+# Prints command usage without performing render or network work.
+print_help() {
+  cat <<'EOF'
+Usage: bangdream-render-smoke-matrix.sh [options]
+
+Run the bounded BangDream render matrix and write its JSON summary.
+
+Options:
+  --out-dir PATH              Matrix output directory
+  --timeout-seconds SECONDS   Whole-process timeout (default: 240)
+  --skip-external-player      Skip the external player lookup case
+  -h, --help                  Show this help
+EOF
+}
+
+# Reports an invalid invocation and exits with the standard usage status.
+usage_error() {
+  printf 'Error: %s\n\n' "$1" >&2
+  print_help >&2
+  exit 2
+}
+
+# Returns success when a value is an integer greater than zero.
+is_positive_integer() {
+  [[ $1 =~ ^[1-9][0-9]*$ ]]
+}
+
+# Stops the matrix child started by this script and reaps it.
+cleanup_child() {
+  if [[ -n ${child_pid:-} ]] && kill -0 "$child_pid" 2>/dev/null; then
+    kill -TERM "$child_pid" 2>/dev/null || true
+    for _ in {1..20}; do
+      if ! kill -0 "$child_pid" 2>/dev/null; then
+        break
+      fi
+      sleep 0.1
+    done
+    if kill -0 "$child_pid" 2>/dev/null; then
+      kill -KILL "$child_pid" 2>/dev/null || true
+    fi
+    wait "$child_pid" 2>/dev/null || true
+  fi
+  child_pid=""
+}
+
+# Converts an interrupt signal into a deterministic exit after cleanup.
+# shellcheck disable=SC2317 # Invoked indirectly by trap.
+handle_interrupt() {
+  cleanup_child
+  exit 130
+}
+
+# Converts a termination signal into a deterministic exit after cleanup.
+# shellcheck disable=SC2317 # Invoked indirectly by trap.
+handle_termination() {
+  cleanup_child
+  exit 143
+}
+
+# Replays captured output while preserving stdout and stderr separation.
+print_logs() {
+  [[ -f $stdout_log ]] && cat -- "$stdout_log"
+  [[ -f $stderr_log ]] && cat -- "$stderr_log" >&2
+}
+
+while (($# > 0)); do
+  case "$1" in
+    --out-dir)
+      (($# >= 2)) || usage_error "--out-dir requires a value"
+      out_dir=$2
+      shift 2
+      ;;
+    --timeout-seconds)
+      (($# >= 2)) || usage_error "--timeout-seconds requires a value"
+      timeout_seconds=$2
+      shift 2
+      ;;
+    --skip-external-player)
+      skip_external_player=true
+      shift
+      ;;
+    -h|--help)
+      print_help
+      exit 0
+      ;;
+    --)
+      shift
+      (($# == 0)) || usage_error "unexpected positional argument: $1"
+      ;;
+    *)
+      usage_error "unknown argument: $1"
+      ;;
+  esac
+done
+
+[[ -n $out_dir ]] || usage_error "--out-dir cannot be empty"
+is_positive_integer "$timeout_seconds" || usage_error "--timeout-seconds must be a positive integer"
+
+if [[ $out_dir = /* ]]; then
+  resolved_out_dir=$out_dir
+else
+  resolved_out_dir="$PROJECT_ROOT/$out_dir"
+fi
+mkdir -p -- "$resolved_out_dir"
+
+stdout_log="$resolved_out_dir/matrix.out.log"
+stderr_log="$resolved_out_dir/matrix.err.log"
+summary_file="$resolved_out_dir/matrix-summary.json"
+rm -f -- "$stdout_log" "$stderr_log" "$summary_file"
+
+trap cleanup_child EXIT
+trap handle_interrupt INT
+trap handle_termination TERM
+
+cd -- "$PROJECT_ROOT"
+TS_NODE_TRANSPILE_ONLY=true \
+BANGDREAM_MATRIX_OUT_DIR=$resolved_out_dir \
+BANGDREAM_MATRIX_SKIP_EXTERNAL_PLAYER=$skip_external_player \
+  node -r ts-node/register -r tsconfig-paths/register "$NODE_RUNNER" \
+  >"$stdout_log" 2>"$stderr_log" &
+child_pid=$!
+
+deadline=$((SECONDS + timeout_seconds))
+timed_out=false
+while kill -0 "$child_pid" 2>/dev/null; do
+  if ((SECONDS >= deadline)); then
+    timed_out=true
+    cleanup_child
+    break
+  fi
+  sleep 0.5
+done
+
+if [[ $timed_out == true ]]; then
+  printf 'BangDream smoke matrix timed out after %s seconds and its process was killed.\n' "$timeout_seconds"
+  print_logs
+  exit 124
+fi
+
+process_status=0
+if [[ -n $child_pid ]]; then
+  if wait "$child_pid"; then
+    process_status=0
+  else
+    process_status=$?
+  fi
+  child_pid=""
+fi
+
+print_logs
+if [[ ! -f $summary_file ]]; then
+  printf 'BangDream smoke matrix did not produce a summary file.\n'
+  exit 1
+fi
+exit "$process_status"
diff --git a/scripts/bangdream-render-smoke.cjs b/scripts/bangdream-render-smoke.cjs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7e57624
--- /dev/null
+++ b/scripts/bangdream-render-smoke.cjs
@@ -0,0 +1,253 @@
+const fs = require('fs');
+const path = require('path');
+const { setTimeout: delay } = require('timers/promises');
+const XLSX = require('xlsx');
+const { createPlugin } = require('../src/modules/qqbot/plugins/bangdream/src');
+
+/**
+ * Reads the Bash-validated render payload from environment variables.
+ * @returns {{expectedImageCount: number, input: object, operationKey: string, outFile: string}} Render payload.
+ */
+function readPayload() {
+  const expectedImageCount = Number.parseInt(
+    process.env.BANGDREAM_EXPECTED_IMAGE_COUNT || '0',
+    10,
+  );
+  if (!Number.isInteger(expectedImageCount) || expectedImageCount < 0) {
+    throw new Error('BANGDREAM_EXPECTED_IMAGE_COUNT must be a non-negative integer');
+  }
+
+  const operationKey = process.env.BANGDREAM_OPERATION_KEY || '';
+  const outFile = process.env.BANGDREAM_OUT_FILE || '';
+  if (!operationKey || !outFile) {
+    throw new Error('BANGDREAM_OPERATION_KEY and BANGDREAM_OUT_FILE are required');
+  }
+
+  return {
+    expectedImageCount,
+    input: {
+      compress: true,
+      displayedServerList: process.env.BANGDREAM_DISPLAYED_SERVER_LIST || '',
+      text: process.env.BANGDREAM_TEXT || '',
+      useEasyBG: process.env.BANGDREAM_USE_EASY_BG === 'true',
+    },
+    operationKey,
+    outFile,
+  };
+}
+
+/**
+ * Creates an HTTP-shaped error compatible with the BangDream adapters.
+ * @param {string} message Error message.
+ * @param {number} statusCode HTTP response status.
+ * @returns {Error & {response: {status: number}, statusCode: number}} Compatible error.
+ */
+function createHttpError(message, statusCode) {
+  const error = new Error(message);
+  error.statusCode = statusCode;
+  error.response = { status: statusCode };
+  return error;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Fetches one resource with an adapter-level timeout.
+ * @param {string | URL} url Resource URL.
+ * @param {{headers?: object, timeoutMs?: number}} [options] Request options.
+ * @returns {Promise<Response>} Fetch response.
+ */
+async function fetchWithTimeout(url, options = {}) {
+  const controller = new AbortController();
+  const timeoutMs = options.timeoutMs || 30000;
+  const timer = setTimeout(() => controller.abort(), timeoutMs);
+  try {
+    return await fetch(url, {
+      headers: options.headers,
+      signal: controller.signal,
+    });
+  } finally {
+    clearTimeout(timer);
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Reads and parses a JSON file synchronously.
+ * @param {string} filePath JSON file path.
+ * @returns {unknown} Parsed JSON value.
+ */
+function readJsonFile(filePath) {
+  return JSON.parse(fs.readFileSync(filePath, 'utf8'));
+}
+
+/**
+ * Reads the first worksheet from an Excel file as row objects.
+ * @param {string} filePath Excel file path.
+ * @returns {object[]} Worksheet rows.
+ */
+function readExcelRows(filePath) {
+  const workbook = XLSX.readFile(filePath);
+  const sheetName = workbook.SheetNames[0];
+  return XLSX.utils.sheet_to_json(workbook.Sheets[sheetName]);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Requests a binary resource for the BangDream plugin.
+ * @param {string | URL} url Resource URL.
+ * @param {{headers?: object, timeoutMs?: number}} [options] Request options.
+ * @returns {Promise<{body: Buffer, statusCode: number}>} Binary response body and status.
+ */
+async function requestBuffer(url, options) {
+  const response = await fetchWithTimeout(url, options);
+  const body = Buffer.from(await response.arrayBuffer());
+  if (!response.ok) {
+    throw createHttpError(
+      `BangDream resource request failed: ${response.status}`,
+      response.status,
+    );
+  }
+  return { body, statusCode: response.status };
+}
+
+/**
+ * Requests and parses a JSON resource for the BangDream plugin.
+ * @param {string | URL} url Resource URL.
+ * @param {{headers?: object, timeoutMs?: number}} [options] Request options.
+ * @returns {Promise<{body: unknown, statusCode: number}>} Parsed response body and status.
+ */
+async function requestJson(url, options) {
+  const response = await fetchWithTimeout(url, options);
+  const responseText = await response.text();
+  if (!response.ok) {
+    throw createHttpError(
+      `BangDream JSON request failed: ${response.status}`,
+      response.status,
+    );
+  }
+  return { body: JSON.parse(responseText), statusCode: response.status };
+}
+
+/**
+ * Creates the filesystem and network adapter expected by the BangDream plugin.
+ * @returns {object} Plugin IO adapter.
+ */
+function createIoAdapter() {
+  return {
+    /** @param {string} key Environment key. @returns {string | undefined} Config value. */
+    getConfig(key) {
+      return process.env[key];
+    },
+    /** @param {string} filePath Asset path. @returns {Promise<Buffer>} Asset bytes. */
+    async readAssetFile(filePath) {
+      return fs.promises.readFile(filePath);
+    },
+    /** @param {string} filePath Excel path. @returns {Promise<object[]>} Worksheet rows. */
+    async readExcelRows(filePath) {
+      return readExcelRows(filePath);
+    },
+    /** @param {string} filePath JSON path. @returns {Promise<unknown>} Parsed value. */
+    async readJsonFile(filePath) {
+      return readJsonFile(filePath);
+    },
+    /** @param {string} filePath JSON path. @returns {unknown} Parsed value. */
+    readJsonFileSync(filePath) {
+      return readJsonFile(filePath);
+    },
+    requestArrayBuffer: requestBuffer,
+    requestJson,
+    /** @param {number} milliseconds Delay length. @returns {Promise<void>} Delay completion. */
+    async sleep(milliseconds) {
+      await delay(milliseconds);
+    },
+    /** @param {string} filePath Output path. @param {unknown} data JSON value. @returns {Promise<void>} Write completion. */
+    async writeJsonFile(filePath, data) {
+      fs.mkdirSync(path.dirname(filePath), { recursive: true });
+      fs.writeFileSync(filePath, JSON.stringify(data));
+    },
+  };
+}
+
+/**
+ * Converts plugin errors to their stable human-readable representation.
+ * @param {unknown} error Error-like value.
+ * @returns {string} Normalized message.
+ */
+function normalizeError(error) {
+  return String(error?.message || error || 'BangDream command failed');
+}
+
+/**
+ * Executes the requested operation and writes every CQ base64 image to disk.
+ * @returns {Promise<void>} Resolves after output metadata has been written to stdout.
+ */
+async function main() {
+  const payload = readPayload();
+  const manifest = readJsonFile(
+    path.join(process.cwd(), 'src/modules/qqbot/plugins/bangdream/plugin.json'),
+  );
+  const operations = manifest.operations.map((operation) => ({
+    handlerName: operation.handlerName,
+    key: operation.key,
+  }));
+  const plugin = createPlugin({
+    io: createIoAdapter(),
+    normalizeError,
+    operations,
+  });
+  await plugin.activate();
+  const result = await plugin.executeOperation(payload.operationKey, payload.input);
+  if (
+    payload.expectedImageCount > 0 &&
+    result.imageCount !== payload.expectedImageCount
+  ) {
+    throw new Error(
+      `Expected imageCount=${payload.expectedImageCount}, got ${result.imageCount}`,
+    );
+  }
+
+  const matches = [...result.replyText.matchAll(/base64:\/\/([A-Za-z0-9+/=]+)/g)];
+  if (matches.length === 0) {
+    throw new Error('No image CQ payload');
+  }
+
+  fs.mkdirSync(path.dirname(payload.outFile), { recursive: true });
+  const parsedOutput = path.parse(payload.outFile);
+  const files = matches.map((match, index) => {
+    const outputFile =
+      index === 0
+        ? payload.outFile
+        : path.join(
+            parsedOutput.dir,
+            `${parsedOutput.name}-${index + 1}${parsedOutput.ext || '.jpg'}`,
+          );
+    fs.writeFileSync(outputFile, Buffer.from(match[1], 'base64'));
+    return {
+      bytes: fs.statSync(outputFile).size,
+      out: outputFile,
+    };
+  });
+
+  process.stdout.write(
+    `${JSON.stringify(
+      {
+        bytes: files[0].bytes,
+        files,
+        imageCount: result.imageCount,
+        out: payload.outFile,
+      },
+      null,
+      2,
+    )}\n`,
+  );
+  process.exit(0);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Writes an uncaught render error to stderr and fails the process.
+ * @param {unknown} error Error-like value.
+ * @returns {void}
+ */
+function handleFatalError(error) {
+  process.stderr.write(`${String(error?.stack || error)}\n`);
+  process.exit(1);
+}
+
+main().catch(handleFatalError);
diff --git a/scripts/bangdream-render-smoke.ps1 b/scripts/bangdream-render-smoke.ps1
deleted file mode 100644
index 5bcc2e8..0000000
--- a/scripts/bangdream-render-smoke.ps1
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,224 +0,0 @@
-param(
-  [string]$OperationKey = "bangdream.event.search",
-  [string]$Text = "50",
-  [string]$DisplayedServerList = "cn jp",
-  [string]$OutFile = ".kt-workspace/bangdream-smoke/bangdream-smoke.jpg",
-  [int]$TimeoutSeconds = 45,
-  [int]$ExpectedImageCount = 0,
-  [switch]$UseEasyBg
-)
-
-$ErrorActionPreference = "Stop"
-
-$ProjectRoot = Split-Path -Parent $PSScriptRoot
-$ResolvedOutFile = if ([System.IO.Path]::IsPathRooted($OutFile)) {
-  $OutFile
-} else {
-  Join-Path $ProjectRoot $OutFile
-}
-$OutDir = Split-Path -Parent $ResolvedOutFile
-New-Item -ItemType Directory -Force -Path $OutDir | Out-Null
-
-$LogDir = Join-Path $ProjectRoot ".kt-workspace/bangdream-smoke"
-New-Item -ItemType Directory -Force -Path $LogDir | Out-Null
-$LogName = [System.IO.Path]::GetFileNameWithoutExtension($ResolvedOutFile)
-$StdoutLog = Join-Path $LogDir "$LogName.out.log"
-$StderrLog = Join-Path $LogDir "$LogName.err.log"
-Remove-Item -LiteralPath $StdoutLog,$StderrLog -Force -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
-Remove-Item -LiteralPath $ResolvedOutFile -Force -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
-$OutExtension = [System.IO.Path]::GetExtension($ResolvedOutFile)
-Get-ChildItem -LiteralPath $OutDir -Filter "$LogName-*${OutExtension}" -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue |
-  Remove-Item -Force -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
-
-$Payload = @{
-  input = @{
-    compress = $true
-    displayedServerList = $DisplayedServerList
-    text = $Text
-    useEasyBG = [bool]$UseEasyBg
-  }
-  operationKey = $OperationKey
-  outFile = $ResolvedOutFile
-  expectedImageCount = $ExpectedImageCount
-}
-$PayloadJson = $Payload | ConvertTo-Json -Compress -Depth 5
-$PayloadBase64 = [Convert]::ToBase64String([Text.Encoding]::UTF8.GetBytes($PayloadJson))
-
-$NodeCode = @"
-const fs = require("fs");
-const path = require("path");
-const XLSX = require("xlsx");
-const payload = JSON.parse(Buffer.from("$PayloadBase64", "base64").toString("utf8"));
-const { createPlugin } = require("./src/modules/qqbot/plugins/bangdream/src");
-
-function createHttpError(message, statusCode) {
-  const error = new Error(message);
-  error.statusCode = statusCode;
-  error.response = { status: statusCode };
-  return error;
-}
-
-async function fetchWithTimeout(url, options = {}) {
-  const controller = new AbortController();
-  const timeoutMs = options.timeoutMs || 30000;
-  const timer = setTimeout(() => controller.abort(), timeoutMs);
-  try {
-    return await fetch(url, {
-      headers: options.headers,
-      signal: controller.signal,
-    });
-  } finally {
-    clearTimeout(timer);
-  }
-}
-
-function readJsonFile(filePath) {
-  return JSON.parse(fs.readFileSync(filePath, "utf8"));
-}
-
-function readExcelRows(filePath) {
-  const workbook = XLSX.readFile(filePath);
-  const sheetName = workbook.SheetNames[0];
-  return XLSX.utils.sheet_to_json(workbook.Sheets[sheetName]);
-}
-
-async function requestBuffer(url, options) {
-  const response = await fetchWithTimeout(url, options);
-  const body = Buffer.from(await response.arrayBuffer());
-  if (!response.ok) {
-    throw createHttpError("BangDream resource request failed: " + response.status, response.status);
-  }
-  return {
-    body,
-    statusCode: response.status,
-  };
-}
-
-async function requestJson(url, options) {
-  const response = await fetchWithTimeout(url, options);
-  const text = await response.text();
-  if (!response.ok) {
-    throw createHttpError("BangDream JSON request failed: " + response.status, response.status);
-  }
-  return {
-    body: JSON.parse(text),
-    statusCode: response.status,
-  };
-}
-
-(async () => {
-  const manifest = readJsonFile(path.join(process.cwd(), "src/modules/qqbot/plugins/bangdream/plugin.json"));
-  const operations = manifest.operations.map((operation) => ({
-    handlerName: operation.handlerName,
-    key: operation.key,
-  }));
-  const plugin = createPlugin({
-    io: {
-      getConfig: (key) => process.env[key],
-      readAssetFile: async (filePath) => fs.promises.readFile(filePath),
-      readExcelRows: async (filePath) => readExcelRows(filePath),
-      readJsonFile: async (filePath) => readJsonFile(filePath),
-      readJsonFileSync: (filePath) => readJsonFile(filePath),
-      requestArrayBuffer: requestBuffer,
-      requestJson,
-      sleep: async (ms) => new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, ms)),
-      writeJsonFile: async (filePath, data) => {
-        fs.mkdirSync(path.dirname(filePath), { recursive: true });
-        fs.writeFileSync(filePath, JSON.stringify(data));
-      },
-    },
-    normalizeError: (error) => String(error?.message || error || "BangDream command failed"),
-    operations,
-  });
-  await plugin.activate();
-  const result = await plugin.executeOperation(payload.operationKey, payload.input);
-  if (payload.expectedImageCount > 0 && result.imageCount !== payload.expectedImageCount) {
-    throw new Error(
-      "Expected imageCount=" + payload.expectedImageCount + ", got " + result.imageCount,
-    );
-  }
-  const matches = [...result.replyText.matchAll(/base64:\/\/([A-Za-z0-9+/=]+)/g)];
-  if (matches.length === 0) throw new Error("No image CQ payload");
-  fs.mkdirSync(path.dirname(payload.outFile), { recursive: true });
-  const parsed = path.parse(payload.outFile);
-  const files = matches.map((match, index) => {
-    const outFile =
-      index === 0
-        ? payload.outFile
-        : path.join(
-            parsed.dir,
-            parsed.name + "-" + (index + 1) + (parsed.ext || ".jpg"),
-          );
-    fs.writeFileSync(outFile, Buffer.from(match[1], "base64"));
-    return {
-      bytes: fs.statSync(outFile).size,
-      out: outFile,
-    };
-  });
-  process.stdout.write(JSON.stringify({
-    bytes: files[0].bytes,
-    files,
-    imageCount: result.imageCount,
-    out: payload.outFile,
-  }, null, 2) + "\n");
-  process.exit(0);
-})().catch((error) => {
-  process.stderr.write(String(error?.stack || error) + "\n");
-  process.exit(1);
-});
-"@
-$NodeCodeBase64 = [Convert]::ToBase64String([Text.Encoding]::UTF8.GetBytes($NodeCode))
-$EvalCode = "eval(Buffer.from('$NodeCodeBase64','base64').toString('utf8'))"
-
-$env:TS_NODE_TRANSPILE_ONLY = "true"
-$Process = Start-Process `
-  -FilePath "node" `
-  -ArgumentList @("-r", "ts-node/register", "-r", "tsconfig-paths/register", "-e", $EvalCode) `
-  -WorkingDirectory $ProjectRoot `
-  -RedirectStandardOutput $StdoutLog `
-  -RedirectStandardError $StderrLog `
-  -PassThru `
-  -WindowStyle Hidden
-
-function Test-SmokeCompleted {
-  if (-not (Test-Path -LiteralPath $ResolvedOutFile)) { return $false }
-  if ((Get-Item -LiteralPath $ResolvedOutFile).Length -le 0) { return $false }
-  if (-not (Test-Path -LiteralPath $StdoutLog)) { return $false }
-  return [bool](Select-String -Path $StdoutLog -Pattern '"bytes"' -Quiet)
-}
-
-$Deadline = (Get-Date).AddSeconds($TimeoutSeconds)
-$CompletedByOutput = $false
-while (-not $Process.HasExited) {
-  if (Test-SmokeCompleted) {
-    $CompletedByOutput = $true
-    Stop-Process -Id $Process.Id -Force -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
-    $Process.WaitForExit(5000) | Out-Null
-    break
-  }
-  if ((Get-Date) -ge $Deadline) {
-    break
-  }
-  Start-Sleep -Milliseconds 500
-  $Process.Refresh()
-}
-
-if ((-not $Process.HasExited) -and (-not $CompletedByOutput)) {
-  Stop-Process -Id $Process.Id -Force -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
-  Write-Output "BangDream smoke timed out and process $($Process.Id) was killed."
-  if (Test-Path $StdoutLog) { Get-Content $StdoutLog }
-  if (Test-Path $StderrLog) { Get-Content $StderrLog }
-  exit 124
-}
-
-if (Test-Path $StdoutLog) { Get-Content $StdoutLog }
-if (Test-Path $StderrLog) { Get-Content $StderrLog }
-if ($CompletedByOutput) {
-  Write-Output "BangDream smoke output completed; lingering process $($Process.Id) was cleaned up."
-  exit 0
-}
-if (-not (Test-SmokeCompleted)) {
-  Write-Output "BangDream smoke did not produce an image file."
-  exit 1
-}
-exit $Process.ExitCode
diff --git a/scripts/bangdream-render-smoke.sh b/scripts/bangdream-render-smoke.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..6a0c5c5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/scripts/bangdream-render-smoke.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,237 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+set -Eeuo pipefail
+
+SCRIPT_DIR=$(cd -- "$(dirname -- "${BASH_SOURCE[0]}")" && pwd -P)
+PROJECT_ROOT=$(cd -- "$SCRIPT_DIR/.." && pwd -P)
+NODE_RUNNER="$SCRIPT_DIR/bangdream-render-smoke.cjs"
+
+operation_key="bangdream.event.search"
+text="50"
+displayed_server_list="cn jp"
+out_file=".kt-workspace/bangdream-smoke/bangdream-smoke.jpg"
+timeout_seconds=45
+expected_image_count=0
+use_easy_bg=false
+child_pid=""
+
+# Prints command usage without performing render or network work.
+print_help() {
+  cat <<'EOF'
+Usage: bangdream-render-smoke.sh [options]
+
+Run one bounded BangDream render smoke and write decoded image output.
+
+Options:
+  --operation-key KEY          Operation key (default: bangdream.event.search)
+  --text TEXT                 Operation input text (default: 50)
+  --displayed-server-list LIST
+                              Displayed servers (default: "cn jp")
+  --out-file PATH             Image output path
+  --timeout-seconds SECONDS   Whole-process timeout (default: 45)
+  --expected-image-count N    Require this imageCount when greater than zero
+  --use-easy-bg               Enable the easy background renderer
+  -h, --help                  Show this help
+EOF
+}
+
+# Reports an invalid invocation and exits with the standard usage status.
+usage_error() {
+  printf 'Error: %s\n\n' "$1" >&2
+  print_help >&2
+  exit 2
+}
+
+# Returns success when a value is an integer greater than zero.
+is_positive_integer() {
+  [[ $1 =~ ^[1-9][0-9]*$ ]]
+}
+
+# Returns success when a value is a non-negative integer.
+is_non_negative_integer() {
+  [[ $1 =~ ^[0-9]+$ ]]
+}
+
+# Stops the render child started by this script and reaps it.
+cleanup_child() {
+  if [[ -n ${child_pid:-} ]] && kill -0 "$child_pid" 2>/dev/null; then
+    kill -TERM "$child_pid" 2>/dev/null || true
+    for _ in {1..20}; do
+      if ! kill -0 "$child_pid" 2>/dev/null; then
+        break
+      fi
+      sleep 0.1
+    done
+    if kill -0 "$child_pid" 2>/dev/null; then
+      kill -KILL "$child_pid" 2>/dev/null || true
+    fi
+    wait "$child_pid" 2>/dev/null || true
+  fi
+  child_pid=""
+}
+
+# Converts an interrupt signal into a deterministic exit after cleanup.
+# shellcheck disable=SC2317 # Invoked indirectly by trap.
+handle_interrupt() {
+  cleanup_child
+  exit 130
+}
+
+# Converts a termination signal into a deterministic exit after cleanup.
+# shellcheck disable=SC2317 # Invoked indirectly by trap.
+handle_termination() {
+  cleanup_child
+  exit 143
+}
+
+# Returns success after the primary image and completion JSON are durable.
+smoke_completed() {
+  [[ -s $resolved_out_file && -f $stdout_log ]] && grep -Fq '"bytes"' "$stdout_log"
+}
+
+# Replays captured output while preserving stdout and stderr separation.
+print_logs() {
+  [[ -f $stdout_log ]] && cat -- "$stdout_log"
+  [[ -f $stderr_log ]] && cat -- "$stderr_log" >&2
+}
+
+while (($# > 0)); do
+  case "$1" in
+    --operation-key)
+      (($# >= 2)) || usage_error "--operation-key requires a value"
+      operation_key=$2
+      shift 2
+      ;;
+    --text)
+      (($# >= 2)) || usage_error "--text requires a value"
+      text=$2
+      shift 2
+      ;;
+    --displayed-server-list)
+      (($# >= 2)) || usage_error "--displayed-server-list requires a value"
+      displayed_server_list=$2
+      shift 2
+      ;;
+    --out-file)
+      (($# >= 2)) || usage_error "--out-file requires a value"
+      out_file=$2
+      shift 2
+      ;;
+    --timeout-seconds)
+      (($# >= 2)) || usage_error "--timeout-seconds requires a value"
+      timeout_seconds=$2
+      shift 2
+      ;;
+    --expected-image-count)
+      (($# >= 2)) || usage_error "--expected-image-count requires a value"
+      expected_image_count=$2
+      shift 2
+      ;;
+    --use-easy-bg)
+      use_easy_bg=true
+      shift
+      ;;
+    -h|--help)
+      print_help
+      exit 0
+      ;;
+    --)
+      shift
+      (($# == 0)) || usage_error "unexpected positional argument: $1"
+      ;;
+    *)
+      usage_error "unknown argument: $1"
+      ;;
+  esac
+done
+
+[[ -n $operation_key ]] || usage_error "--operation-key cannot be empty"
+[[ -n $out_file ]] || usage_error "--out-file cannot be empty"
+is_positive_integer "$timeout_seconds" || usage_error "--timeout-seconds must be a positive integer"
+is_non_negative_integer "$expected_image_count" || usage_error "--expected-image-count must be a non-negative integer"
+
+if [[ $out_file = /* ]]; then
+  resolved_out_file=$out_file
+else
+  resolved_out_file="$PROJECT_ROOT/$out_file"
+fi
+out_dir=$(dirname -- "$resolved_out_file")
+mkdir -p -- "$out_dir"
+
+log_dir="$PROJECT_ROOT/.kt-workspace/bangdream-smoke"
+mkdir -p -- "$log_dir"
+output_filename=$(basename -- "$resolved_out_file")
+log_name=${output_filename%.*}
+if [[ $output_filename == *.* ]]; then
+  out_extension=.${output_filename##*.}
+else
+  out_extension=""
+fi
+stdout_log="$log_dir/$log_name.out.log"
+stderr_log="$log_dir/$log_name.err.log"
+rm -f -- "$stdout_log" "$stderr_log" "$resolved_out_file"
+shopt -s nullglob
+generated_images=("$out_dir"/"$log_name"-*"$out_extension")
+shopt -u nullglob
+if ((${#generated_images[@]} > 0)); then
+  rm -f -- "${generated_images[@]}"
+fi
+
+trap cleanup_child EXIT
+trap handle_interrupt INT
+trap handle_termination TERM
+
+cd -- "$PROJECT_ROOT"
+TS_NODE_TRANSPILE_ONLY=true \
+BANGDREAM_OPERATION_KEY=$operation_key \
+BANGDREAM_TEXT=$text \
+BANGDREAM_DISPLAYED_SERVER_LIST=$displayed_server_list \
+BANGDREAM_OUT_FILE=$resolved_out_file \
+BANGDREAM_EXPECTED_IMAGE_COUNT=$expected_image_count \
+BANGDREAM_USE_EASY_BG=$use_easy_bg \
+  node -r ts-node/register -r tsconfig-paths/register "$NODE_RUNNER" \
+  >"$stdout_log" 2>"$stderr_log" &
+child_pid=$!
+
+deadline=$((SECONDS + timeout_seconds))
+completed_by_output=false
+timed_out=false
+while kill -0 "$child_pid" 2>/dev/null; do
+  if smoke_completed; then
+    completed_by_output=true
+    cleanup_child
+    break
+  fi
+  if ((SECONDS >= deadline)); then
+    timed_out=true
+    cleanup_child
+    break
+  fi
+  sleep 0.5
+done
+
+if [[ $timed_out == true ]]; then
+  printf 'BangDream smoke timed out after %s seconds and its process was killed.\n' "$timeout_seconds"
+  print_logs
+  exit 124
+fi
+
+process_status=0
+if [[ -n $child_pid ]]; then
+  if wait "$child_pid"; then
+    process_status=0
+  else
+    process_status=$?
+  fi
+  child_pid=""
+fi
+
+print_logs
+if [[ $completed_by_output == true ]]; then
+  printf 'BangDream smoke output completed; its lingering process was cleaned up.\n'
+  exit 0
+fi
+if ! smoke_completed; then
+  printf 'BangDream smoke did not produce an image file.\n'
+  exit 1
+fi
+exit "$process_status"
diff --git a/scripts/refactor-v3/db-backup-online.ps1 b/scripts/refactor-v3/db-backup-online.ps1
deleted file mode 100644
index bfd748a..0000000
--- a/scripts/refactor-v3/db-backup-online.ps1
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,14 +0,0 @@
-param(
-  [Parameter(Mandatory = $true)][string]$Database,
-  [Parameter(Mandatory = $true)][string]$OutputDirectory
-)
-
-$ErrorActionPreference = "Stop"
-if ($Database -notmatch '^[A-Za-z0-9_]+$') {
-  throw "Database must match ^[A-Za-z0-9_]+$"
-}
-
-$stamp = Get-Date -Format "yyyyMMdd-HHmmss"
-$target = Join-Path $OutputDirectory "$Database-refactor-v3-$stamp.sql"
-mysqldump --set-gtid-purged=OFF --single-transaction --routines --triggers --default-character-set=utf8mb4 "--result-file=$target" $Database
-Write-Output $target
diff --git a/scripts/refactor-v3/db-backup-online.sh b/scripts/refactor-v3/db-backup-online.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..c128d57
--- /dev/null
+++ b/scripts/refactor-v3/db-backup-online.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+set -Eeuo pipefail
+
+database=""
+output_directory=""
+timeout_seconds=300
+
+# Prints command usage without accessing the database.
+print_help() {
+  cat <<'EOF'
+Usage: db-backup-online.sh --database NAME --output-directory PATH [options]
+
+Create a bounded logical MySQL backup and print its absolute output path.
+MySQL credentials are resolved by the mysql client and are never printed.
+
+Required:
+  --database NAME             Database name (letters, digits, and underscores)
+  --output-directory PATH     Directory for the timestamped SQL backup
+
+Options:
+  --timeout-seconds SECONDS   mysqldump timeout (default: 300)
+  -h, --help                  Show this help
+EOF
+}
+
+# Reports an invalid invocation and exits with the standard usage status.
+usage_error() {
+  printf 'Error: %s\n\n' "$1" >&2
+  print_help >&2
+  exit 2
+}
+
+# Returns success when a value is an integer greater than zero.
+is_positive_integer() {
+  [[ $1 =~ ^[1-9][0-9]*$ ]]
+}
+
+while (($# > 0)); do
+  case "$1" in
+    --database)
+      (($# >= 2)) || usage_error "--database requires a value"
+      database=$2
+      shift 2
+      ;;
+    --output-directory)
+      (($# >= 2)) || usage_error "--output-directory requires a value"
+      output_directory=$2
+      shift 2
+      ;;
+    --timeout-seconds)
+      (($# >= 2)) || usage_error "--timeout-seconds requires a value"
+      timeout_seconds=$2
+      shift 2
+      ;;
+    -h|--help)
+      print_help
+      exit 0
+      ;;
+    --)
+      shift
+      (($# == 0)) || usage_error "unexpected positional argument: $1"
+      ;;
+    *)
+      usage_error "unknown argument: $1"
+      ;;
+  esac
+done
+
+[[ $database =~ ^[A-Za-z0-9_]+$ ]] || usage_error "--database must match ^[A-Za-z0-9_]+$"
+[[ -n $output_directory ]] || usage_error "--output-directory is required"
+is_positive_integer "$timeout_seconds" || usage_error "--timeout-seconds must be a positive integer"
+command -v timeout >/dev/null 2>&1 || usage_error "GNU timeout is required"
+command -v mysqldump >/dev/null 2>&1 || usage_error "mysqldump is required"
+
+mkdir -p -- "$output_directory"
+output_directory=$(cd -- "$output_directory" && pwd -P)
+stamp=$(date +%Y%m%d-%H%M%S)
+target="$output_directory/$database-refactor-v3-$stamp.sql"
+
+timeout --foreground --kill-after=5s "${timeout_seconds}s" \
+  mysqldump \
+  --set-gtid-purged=OFF \
+  --single-transaction \
+  --routines \
+  --triggers \
+  --default-character-set=utf8mb4 \
+  "--result-file=$target" \
+  "$database"
+
+printf '%s\n' "$target"
diff --git a/scripts/refactor-v3/db-dry-run.ps1 b/scripts/refactor-v3/db-dry-run.ps1
deleted file mode 100644
index 2418875..0000000
--- a/scripts/refactor-v3/db-dry-run.ps1
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,41 +0,0 @@
-param(
-  [Parameter(Mandatory = $true)][string]$Database,
-  [string]$HostName = "127.0.0.1",
-  [int]$Port = 3306,
-  [string]$User = "root"
-)
-
-$ErrorActionPreference = "Stop"
-if ($Database -notmatch '^[A-Za-z0-9_]+$') {
-  throw "Database must match ^[A-Za-z0-9_]+$"
-}
-
-$root = Resolve-Path (Join-Path $PSScriptRoot "..\..")
-$schema = Join-Path $root "sql\refactor-v3\00-full-schema.sql"
-$seed = Join-Path $root "sql\refactor-v3\01-seed-core.sql"
-$verify = Join-Path $root "sql\refactor-v3\99-verify.sql"
-
-function Invoke-Mysql {
-  param(
-    [Parameter(Mandatory = $true)][string[]]$Arguments
-  )
-
-  mysql --default-character-set=utf8mb4 @Arguments
-  if ($LASTEXITCODE -ne 0) {
-    throw "mysql failed with exit code $LASTEXITCODE"
-  }
-}
-
-function Invoke-MysqlSource {
-  param(
-    [Parameter(Mandatory = $true)][string]$Path
-  )
-
-  $sourcePath = (Resolve-Path -LiteralPath $Path).Path.Replace("\", "/")
-  Invoke-Mysql -Arguments @("-h", $HostName, "-P", "$Port", "-u", $User, $Database, "--execute=source $sourcePath")
-}
-
-Invoke-Mysql -Arguments @("-h", $HostName, "-P", "$Port", "-u", $User, "-e", "DROP DATABASE IF EXISTS ``$Database``; CREATE DATABASE ``$Database`` CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_unicode_ci;")
-Invoke-MysqlSource -Path $schema
-Invoke-MysqlSource -Path $seed
-Invoke-MysqlSource -Path $verify
diff --git a/scripts/refactor-v3/db-dry-run.sh b/scripts/refactor-v3/db-dry-run.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..c2da26a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/scripts/refactor-v3/db-dry-run.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,150 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+set -Eeuo pipefail
+
+SCRIPT_DIR=$(cd -- "$(dirname -- "${BASH_SOURCE[0]}")" && pwd -P)
+PROJECT_ROOT=$(cd -- "$SCRIPT_DIR/../.." && pwd -P)
+
+database=""
+host_name="127.0.0.1"
+port=3306
+user_name="root"
+timeout_seconds=120
+execute=false
+
+# Prints command usage without accessing the database.
+print_help() {
+  cat <<'EOF'
+Usage: db-dry-run.sh --database NAME [options]
+
+Plan a disposable refactor-v3 database rebuild. The default is plan-only;
+pass --execute explicitly to drop/recreate the database and load SQL files.
+
+Required:
+  --database NAME             Disposable target database
+
+Options:
+  --host HOST                 MySQL host (default: 127.0.0.1)
+  --port PORT                 MySQL port (default: 3306)
+  --user USER                 MySQL user (default: root)
+  --timeout-seconds SECONDS   Timeout for each mysql command (default: 120)
+  --execute                   Apply the destructive rebuild
+  -h, --help                  Show this help
+EOF
+}
+
+# Reports an invalid invocation and exits with the standard usage status.
+usage_error() {
+  printf 'Error: %s\n\n' "$1" >&2
+  print_help >&2
+  exit 2
+}
+
+# Returns success when a value is an integer greater than zero.
+is_positive_integer() {
+  [[ $1 =~ ^[1-9][0-9]*$ ]]
+}
+
+# Prints the destructive scope and rollback/verification intent before writes.
+print_plan() {
+  printf 'mode=%s\n' "$([[ $execute == true ]] && printf execute || printf plan-only)"
+  printf 'source.schema=%s\n' "$schema_file"
+  printf 'source.seed=%s\n' "$seed_file"
+  printf 'target=mysql://%s:%s/%s (user=%s)\n' "$host_name" "$port" "$database" "$user_name"
+  printf 'rollback.backup=not-created (disposable dry-run target; recreate or restore separately)\n'
+  printf 'verification.intent=execute %s after schema and seed load\n' "$verify_file"
+}
+
+# Runs one bounded mysql command without exposing credentials.
+run_mysql_command() {
+  timeout --foreground --kill-after=5s "${timeout_seconds}s" \
+    "${mysql_base[@]}" "$@"
+}
+
+# Loads one SQL file into the target database with a bounded mysql process.
+run_mysql_file() {
+  local sql_file=$1
+  timeout --foreground --kill-after=5s "${timeout_seconds}s" \
+    "${mysql_base[@]}" "$database" <"$sql_file"
+}
+
+while (($# > 0)); do
+  case "$1" in
+    --database)
+      (($# >= 2)) || usage_error "--database requires a value"
+      database=$2
+      shift 2
+      ;;
+    --host)
+      (($# >= 2)) || usage_error "--host requires a value"
+      host_name=$2
+      shift 2
+      ;;
+    --port)
+      (($# >= 2)) || usage_error "--port requires a value"
+      port=$2
+      shift 2
+      ;;
+    --user)
+      (($# >= 2)) || usage_error "--user requires a value"
+      user_name=$2
+      shift 2
+      ;;
+    --timeout-seconds)
+      (($# >= 2)) || usage_error "--timeout-seconds requires a value"
+      timeout_seconds=$2
+      shift 2
+      ;;
+    --execute)
+      execute=true
+      shift
+      ;;
+    -h|--help)
+      print_help
+      exit 0
+      ;;
+    --)
+      shift
+      (($# == 0)) || usage_error "unexpected positional argument: $1"
+      ;;
+    *)
+      usage_error "unknown argument: $1"
+      ;;
+  esac
+done
+
+[[ $database =~ ^[A-Za-z0-9_]+$ ]] || usage_error "--database must match ^[A-Za-z0-9_]+$"
+[[ -n $host_name ]] || usage_error "--host cannot be empty"
+[[ -n $user_name ]] || usage_error "--user cannot be empty"
+if ! is_positive_integer "$port" || ((port > 65535)); then
+  usage_error "--port must be between 1 and 65535"
+fi
+is_positive_integer "$timeout_seconds" || usage_error "--timeout-seconds must be a positive integer"
+
+schema_file="$PROJECT_ROOT/sql/refactor-v3/00-full-schema.sql"
+seed_file="$PROJECT_ROOT/sql/refactor-v3/01-seed-core.sql"
+verify_file="$PROJECT_ROOT/sql/refactor-v3/99-verify.sql"
+[[ -f $schema_file ]] || usage_error "schema file does not exist: $schema_file"
+[[ -f $seed_file ]] || usage_error "seed file does not exist: $seed_file"
+[[ -f $verify_file ]] || usage_error "verification file does not exist: $verify_file"
+
+print_plan
+if [[ $execute != true ]]; then
+  printf 'execution=skipped (pass --execute to apply)\n'
+  exit 0
+fi
+
+command -v timeout >/dev/null 2>&1 || usage_error "GNU timeout is required"
+command -v mysql >/dev/null 2>&1 || usage_error "mysql is required"
+mysql_base=(
+  mysql
+  --default-character-set=utf8mb4
+  -h "$host_name"
+  -P "$port"
+  -u "$user_name"
+)
+create_sql="DROP DATABASE IF EXISTS \`$database\`; CREATE DATABASE \`$database\` CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_unicode_ci;"
+
+run_mysql_command --execute="$create_sql"
+run_mysql_file "$schema_file"
+run_mysql_file "$seed_file"
+run_mysql_file "$verify_file"
diff --git a/scripts/refactor-v3/db-restore-online.ps1 b/scripts/refactor-v3/db-restore-online.ps1
deleted file mode 100644
index 1e2aaf6..0000000
--- a/scripts/refactor-v3/db-restore-online.ps1
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,16 +0,0 @@
-param(
-  [Parameter(Mandatory = $true)][string]$Database,
-  [Parameter(Mandatory = $true)][string]$BackupFile
-)
-
-$ErrorActionPreference = "Stop"
-if ($Database -notmatch '^[A-Za-z0-9_]+$') {
-  throw "Database must match ^[A-Za-z0-9_]+$"
-}
-if (-not (Test-Path -LiteralPath $BackupFile -PathType Leaf)) {
-  throw "BackupFile does not exist"
-}
-
-$sourcePath = (Resolve-Path -LiteralPath $BackupFile).Path.Replace("\", "/")
-mysql -e "DROP DATABASE IF EXISTS ``$Database``; CREATE DATABASE ``$Database`` CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_unicode_ci;"
-mysql --default-character-set=utf8mb4 $Database --execute="source $sourcePath"
diff --git a/scripts/refactor-v3/db-restore-online.sh b/scripts/refactor-v3/db-restore-online.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..6ebcc40
--- /dev/null
+++ b/scripts/refactor-v3/db-restore-online.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,114 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+set -Eeuo pipefail
+
+database=""
+backup_file=""
+timeout_seconds=300
+execute=false
+
+# Prints command usage without accessing the database.
+print_help() {
+  cat <<'EOF'
+Usage: db-restore-online.sh --database NAME --backup-file PATH [options]
+
+Plan an online database restore. The default is plan-only; pass --execute
+explicitly to drop/recreate the database and load the selected backup.
+MySQL connection and credentials come from mysql client defaults.
+
+Required:
+  --database NAME             Target database
+  --backup-file PATH          Existing SQL backup to restore
+
+Options:
+  --timeout-seconds SECONDS   Timeout for each mysql command (default: 300)
+  --execute                   Apply the destructive restore
+  -h, --help                  Show this help
+EOF
+}
+
+# Reports an invalid invocation and exits with the standard usage status.
+usage_error() {
+  printf 'Error: %s\n\n' "$1" >&2
+  print_help >&2
+  exit 2
+}
+
+# Returns success when a value is an integer greater than zero.
+is_positive_integer() {
+  [[ $1 =~ ^[1-9][0-9]*$ ]]
+}
+
+# Prints the destructive scope and rollback/verification intent before writes.
+print_plan() {
+  printf 'mode=%s\n' "$([[ $execute == true ]] && printf execute || printf plan-only)"
+  printf 'source.backup=%s\n' "$resolved_backup_file"
+  printf 'target.database=%s (connection=mysql client defaults)\n' "$database"
+  printf 'rollback.backup=%s\n' "$resolved_backup_file"
+  printf 'verification.intent=confirm restore command success, then run the project post-restore verification queries\n'
+}
+
+# Runs one bounded mysql command without exposing credentials.
+run_mysql_command() {
+  timeout --foreground --kill-after=5s "${timeout_seconds}s" mysql "$@"
+}
+
+# Loads the selected backup with a bounded mysql process.
+run_mysql_restore() {
+  timeout --foreground --kill-after=5s "${timeout_seconds}s" \
+    mysql --default-character-set=utf8mb4 "$database" <"$resolved_backup_file"
+}
+
+while (($# > 0)); do
+  case "$1" in
+    --database)
+      (($# >= 2)) || usage_error "--database requires a value"
+      database=$2
+      shift 2
+      ;;
+    --backup-file)
+      (($# >= 2)) || usage_error "--backup-file requires a value"
+      backup_file=$2
+      shift 2
+      ;;
+    --timeout-seconds)
+      (($# >= 2)) || usage_error "--timeout-seconds requires a value"
+      timeout_seconds=$2
+      shift 2
+      ;;
+    --execute)
+      execute=true
+      shift
+      ;;
+    -h|--help)
+      print_help
+      exit 0
+      ;;
+    --)
+      shift
+      (($# == 0)) || usage_error "unexpected positional argument: $1"
+      ;;
+    *)
+      usage_error "unknown argument: $1"
+      ;;
+  esac
+done
+
+[[ $database =~ ^[A-Za-z0-9_]+$ ]] || usage_error "--database must match ^[A-Za-z0-9_]+$"
+[[ -n $backup_file ]] || usage_error "--backup-file is required"
+is_positive_integer "$timeout_seconds" || usage_error "--timeout-seconds must be a positive integer"
+[[ -f $backup_file ]] || usage_error "backup file does not exist: $backup_file"
+backup_directory=$(cd -- "$(dirname -- "$backup_file")" && pwd -P)
+resolved_backup_file="$backup_directory/$(basename -- "$backup_file")"
+
+print_plan
+if [[ $execute != true ]]; then
+  printf 'execution=skipped (pass --execute to apply)\n'
+  exit 0
+fi
+
+command -v timeout >/dev/null 2>&1 || usage_error "GNU timeout is required"
+command -v mysql >/dev/null 2>&1 || usage_error "mysql is required"
+create_sql="DROP DATABASE IF EXISTS \`$database\`; CREATE DATABASE \`$database\` CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_unicode_ci;"
+
+run_mysql_command --execute="$create_sql"
+run_mysql_restore
diff --git a/scripts/refactor-v3/local-smoke.ps1 b/scripts/refactor-v3/local-smoke.ps1
deleted file mode 100644
index c045d0f..0000000
--- a/scripts/refactor-v3/local-smoke.ps1
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,10 +0,0 @@
-param(
-  [string]$BaseUrl = "http://127.0.0.1:48085"
-)
-
-$ErrorActionPreference = "Stop"
-$runtime = Invoke-RestMethod -Method Get -Uri "$BaseUrl/health/runtime" -TimeoutSec 10
-if (-not $runtime.service) {
-  throw "Runtime health response did not include service"
-}
-Write-Output "runtime.service=$($runtime.service)"
diff --git a/scripts/refactor-v3/local-smoke.sh b/scripts/refactor-v3/local-smoke.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..5d45b76
--- /dev/null
+++ b/scripts/refactor-v3/local-smoke.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+set -Eeuo pipefail
+
+base_url="http://127.0.0.1:48085"
+timeout_seconds=10
+
+# Prints command usage without performing an HTTP request.
+print_help() {
+  cat <<'EOF'
+Usage: local-smoke.sh [options]
+
+Read the bounded local runtime health endpoint and print runtime.service.
+
+Options:
+  --base-url URL              API base URL (default: http://127.0.0.1:48085)
+  --timeout-seconds SECONDS   Timeout for curl and jq (default: 10)
+  -h, --help                  Show this help
+EOF
+}
+
+# Reports an invalid invocation and exits with the standard usage status.
+usage_error() {
+  printf 'Error: %s\n\n' "$1" >&2
+  print_help >&2
+  exit 2
+}
+
+# Returns success when a value is an integer greater than zero.
+is_positive_integer() {
+  [[ $1 =~ ^[1-9][0-9]*$ ]]
+}
+
+while (($# > 0)); do
+  case "$1" in
+    --base-url)
+      (($# >= 2)) || usage_error "--base-url requires a value"
+      base_url=$2
+      shift 2
+      ;;
+    --timeout-seconds)
+      (($# >= 2)) || usage_error "--timeout-seconds requires a value"
+      timeout_seconds=$2
+      shift 2
+      ;;
+    -h|--help)
+      print_help
+      exit 0
+      ;;
+    --)
+      shift
+      (($# == 0)) || usage_error "unexpected positional argument: $1"
+      ;;
+    *)
+      usage_error "unknown argument: $1"
+      ;;
+  esac
+done
+
+[[ -n $base_url ]] || usage_error "--base-url cannot be empty"
+is_positive_integer "$timeout_seconds" || usage_error "--timeout-seconds must be a positive integer"
+command -v timeout >/dev/null 2>&1 || usage_error "GNU timeout is required"
+command -v curl >/dev/null 2>&1 || usage_error "curl is required"
+command -v jq >/dev/null 2>&1 || usage_error "jq is required"
+
+base_url=${base_url%/}
+runtime_json=$(
+  timeout --foreground --kill-after=2s "${timeout_seconds}s" \
+    curl \
+    --fail \
+    --silent \
+    --show-error \
+    --connect-timeout "$timeout_seconds" \
+    --max-time "$timeout_seconds" \
+    "$base_url/health/runtime"
+)
+service=$(
+  printf '%s\n' "$runtime_json" |
+    timeout --foreground --kill-after=2s "${timeout_seconds}s" \
+      jq -er '.service | select(. != null) | tostring | select(length > 0)'
+)
+
+printf 'runtime.service=%s\n' "$service"
diff --git a/test/refactor-v3/schema-map.spec.ts b/test/refactor-v3/schema-map.spec.ts
index d6f2dc2..8310b6f 100644
--- a/test/refactor-v3/schema-map.spec.ts
+++ b/test/refactor-v3/schema-map.spec.ts
@@ -161,20 +161,21 @@ describe('refactor v3 schema skeleton', () => {
     expect(seed).toContain('INSERT IGNORE INTO admin_role_menu');
   });
 
-  it('runs dry-run SQL sources with utf8mb4 and fails on native mysql errors', () => {
+  it('runs dry-run SQL sources with utf8mb4 and bounded native mysql errors', () => {
     const dryRunScript = readFileSync(
-      join(root, 'scripts/refactor-v3/db-dry-run.ps1'),
+      join(root, 'scripts/refactor-v3/db-dry-run.sh'),
       'utf8',
     );
 
+    expect(dryRunScript).toContain('set -Eeuo pipefail');
     expect(dryRunScript).toContain('--default-character-set=utf8mb4');
-    expect(dryRunScript).toContain('$LASTEXITCODE');
-    expect(dryRunScript).toContain('throw');
+    expect(dryRunScript).toContain('timeout --foreground');
+    expect(dryRunScript).toContain('if [[ $execute != true ]]');
   });
 
   it('uses the Nest listen port as the local smoke default base URL', () => {
     const localSmokeScript = readFileSync(
-      join(root, 'scripts/refactor-v3/local-smoke.ps1'),
+      join(root, 'scripts/refactor-v3/local-smoke.sh'),
       'utf8',
     );
     const main = readFileSync(join(root, 'src/main.ts'), 'utf8');