diff --git a/src/modules/qqbot/core/application/message-push/qqbot-message-subscription.service.ts b/src/modules/qqbot/core/application/message-push/qqbot-message-subscription.service.ts
index 64ace60..9d93adc 100644
--- a/src/modules/qqbot/core/application/message-push/qqbot-message-subscription.service.ts
+++ b/src/modules/qqbot/core/application/message-push/qqbot-message-subscription.service.ts
@@ -144,23 +144,28 @@ export class QqbotMessageSubscriptionService {
     input: MessageSubscriptionInput,
   ): Promise<MessageSubscriptionView> {
     const normalized = await this.normalizeInput(input);
-    const saved = await this.subscriptionRepository.manager.transaction(
-      /** Holds both target and prospective active-key rows through the update save. */
-      async (manager) => {
-        const repository = manager.getRepository(QqbotMessageSubscription);
-        const current = await this.findActiveForWrite(repository, id);
-        const conflict = await repository.findOne({
-          lock: { mode: 'pessimistic_write' },
-          where: { activeKey: normalized.activeKey, isDeleted: false },
-        });
-        if (conflict && conflict.id !== current.id) {
-          this.throwNaturalKeyConflict();
-        }
-        Object.assign(current, normalized);
-        return repository.save(current);
-      },
-    );
-    return this.toView(saved);
+    try {
+      const saved = await this.subscriptionRepository.manager.transaction(
+        /** Holds both target and prospective active-key rows through the update save. */
+        async (manager) => {
+          const repository = manager.getRepository(QqbotMessageSubscription);
+          const current = await this.findActiveForWrite(repository, id);
+          const conflict = await repository.findOne({
+            lock: { mode: 'pessimistic_write' },
+            where: { activeKey: normalized.activeKey, isDeleted: false },
+          });
+          if (conflict && conflict.id !== current.id) {
+            this.throwNaturalKeyConflict();
+          }
+          Object.assign(current, normalized);
+          return repository.save(current);
+        },
+      );
+      return this.toView(saved);
+    } catch (error) {
+      if (this.isDuplicateKeyError(error)) this.throwNaturalKeyConflict();
+      throw error;
+    }
   }
 
   /**
diff --git a/test/modules/qqbot/message-push/qqbot-message-subscription.service.spec.ts b/test/modules/qqbot/message-push/qqbot-message-subscription.service.spec.ts
index ca5fa6d..234d623 100644
--- a/test/modules/qqbot/message-push/qqbot-message-subscription.service.spec.ts
+++ b/test/modules/qqbot/message-push/qqbot-message-subscription.service.spec.ts
@@ -389,6 +389,36 @@ describe('QqbotMessageSubscriptionService', () => {
     );
   });
 
+  it('maps duplicate-key update races to Vben HTTP 409 and propagates other save failures', async () => {
+    const duplicateKeyRace = setup([subscription()]);
+    duplicateKeyRace.subscriptionRepository.save.mockRejectedValueOnce({
+      code: 'ER_DUP_ENTRY',
+      errno: 1062,
+    });
+    await expect(
+      duplicateKeyRace.service.update('100', {
+        enabled: true,
+        name: '更新竞态',
+        sourceConfig: CONFIG,
+        sourceKey: SOURCE_KEY,
+      }),
+    ).rejects.toMatchObject({ status: HttpStatus.CONFLICT });
+
+    const infrastructureFailure = new Error('database unavailable');
+    const persistenceFailure = setup([subscription()]);
+    persistenceFailure.subscriptionRepository.save.mockRejectedValueOnce(
+      infrastructureFailure,
+    );
+    await expect(
+      persistenceFailure.service.update('100', {
+        enabled: true,
+        name: '更新故障',
+        sourceConfig: CONFIG,
+        sourceKey: SOURCE_KEY,
+      }),
+    ).rejects.toBe(infrastructureFailure);
+  });
+
   it('pages only undeleted records with real filters and returns detached, real-time source status', async () => {
     const source = adapter({
       invalidReasonCode: 'ddns_mapping_mismatch',